Philosophy

Due to human’s inability to reflect beyond its own species, animal ethics is a distorted version of human ethics with provisional “rights” handed down to animals. These fictitious rights do not cover the natural right of privacy, property, health, and protection against human interests, freedom, and especially the right to be. No human has been charged with murder of an animal. Animal’s natural rights have been replaced with and distorted by human rights. Human rights are unnatural projections of lethal power of the human species over the Earth and its inhabitants as humans see fit. Extinctions and ecocides are arguably human rights when ethics is based on human interests and cultural values. Ontologically derived ethics removes this confusion. Humans are animals, and unlike any animal, they consume the biosphere, produce millions of tons of waste, and destroy ecosystems in days, poison, burn, dump, torture animals, overpopulate, and so forth, without regret.

1. Subjective interference in forming ethical judgments due to opinions, feelings, beliefs, thoughts, etc.

2. Evil in Realism, Idealism, and Utilitarianism

3. The Double Effect

4. Unrecognized Moral Heroes Who Saved Planet Earth From WWIII   
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5. Why the US Cannot Claim a Moral Basis for Gun Rights

Reflected reality separates from appearances as cause to effect, not from within, but from outside the mind. Cause and effect are sides of the paradigm of Reality that the mind reflects, but does not compose in Nature. Within the World however, the mind does compose a stage with the forces of Nature, and cause and effect occur under the banners of intention and consequence. The mind composes and engineers the World stage. The natural categories of cause and effect are reintroduced back into nature as categories of anthropomorphic architecture serving human interests. Reality is definable as an ontological paradigm. A paradigm is defined as a naturally formed singularity in space and time with shifting positive and negative charges or sides animating it and forming ontic consciousness. Material consciousness forms in physical insults. Self-consciousness forms with control of reactions to external insults. Immaterial consciousness forms with control of internal insults. An insult is defined as negation or simply otherness or that which is not. Negation is defined as the opposing side to what is. Positive negates the Negation. Since the negation of negation is positive, negation is consciousness for there is no double positive resulting is negation. Is-ness is defined as that which is the opposite of negation. Being and not-Being are the paradigm of finite reality. The paradigm of unity and disunity are the function of being and not-being, triggering consciousness. Paradigms are beings, and one being in particular is the cause of existence or that which originates within the human

Paradigms in the history of philosophy are common, but often unrecognized because they were figuratively named and vaguely defined. These definitions vary: pattern, model, theory, etc., leading to confusion. Paradigms and paradigmatic are often mentioned in contemporary essays without definition.